In alphabetical order
G
Gemeinschaft
G
Gender equity
G
Gentrification
‘A process of neighbourhood transformation in which working-class and poor residents are displaced by an influx of middle-class residents’ (Hammel, 2009, p.360).
G
Gesellschaft
G
Global cities
Cities that contain ‘large clusters of internationally orientated producer services firms’ (Derudder, 2009, p.262). Sassen's concept of the global city emphasises ‘the flow of information and capital. Cities are major nodes in the interconnected systems of information and money, and the wealth that they capture is intimately related to the specialized businesses that facilitate those flows—financial institutions, consulting firms, accounting firms, law firms, and media organizations. Sassen points out that these flows are no longer tightly bound to national boundaries and systems of regulation; so the dynamics of the global city are dramatically different than those of the great cities of the nineteenth century’ (Fainstein, 2005, pp.28-30).
G
Goal
‘“An end to which a planned course of action is directed.” Goals may involve getting something the actor does not have or giving up something the actor does have. The goals of planned action may be categorized on the basis of specificity as ideals, objectives, and policies. These may be considered as directions, regions, and points in value space, respectively’ (Hill, 1968, p.22).
G
Goals achievement matrix
An approach for alternatives evaluation which analyzes the impacts of each alternative with the respecting impacted groups and weightings in form of matrix (Hill, 1968).
G
Governance
G
Government
G
Green belts
Planning designation applying to specified areas at the edges of some towns and cities … which acts to preserve the openness of the countryside by restricting the type and scale of development which can be undertaken in rural locations around the main settlement. The designation was introduced after the Second World War amidst concerns that large tracts of countryside were being lost to urban sprawl as towns and cities spread outwards. (Manley, Foot & Davis, 2019)
G
Green building
‘Green building is a practice of reducing the environmental impact of buildings and enhancing the health and wellbeing of building occupants by:
- Planning throughout the life-cycle of a building or a community, from master planning and siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition with a focus on the impact to both the environment and people.
- Optimising efficient use of energy, water, and other resources to avoid overconsumption and adopting the use of renewable energy and eco-friendly materials to minimise carbon footprint and emission.
- Reducing the production of waste and preventing pollution of areas like water, air, noise and land.
- Enhancing indoor environmental quality through natural ventilation and lighting as well as good indoor air quality by design and other means.’
(Hong Kong Green Building Council, 2019)
G
Green building assessments
G
Green infrastructure
G
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
‘Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a broad measurement of a nation’s overall economic activity. GDP is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. GDP includes all private and public consumption, government outlays, investments, additions to private inventories, paid-in construction costs and the foreign balance of trade (exports are added, imports are subtracted). It may be contrasted with Gross National Product (GNP), which measures the overall production of an economy's citizens, including those living abroad, while domestic production by foreigners is excluded. Though GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis, it can be calculated on a quarterly basis as well (in the United States, for example, the government releases an annualized GDP estimate for each quarter and also for an entire year).’ (Chappelow, 2019)
G
Gross Floor Area (GFA)
‘The Gross Floor Area of a building, as defined in Building (Planning) Regulation 23(3)(a), shall be “the area contained within the external walls of the building measured at each floor level (including any floor below the level of the ground), together with the area of any balcony in the building, which shall be calculated from the overall dimensions of the balcony (including the thickness of the sides thereof), and the thickness of the external walls of the building”’ (HKIS, 1999, p.10).
G
Growth machine
Reference List
Chappelow, J. (2019). Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In Investopedia. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp
Derudder, B. (2009). World/Global Cities. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, p.262-268.
Fainstein, S.S. (2005). Cities and Diversity: Should We Want It? Can We Plan for It? Urban Affairs Review, Vol. 41(1), pp.3-19.
HKIS. (1999). Code of Measuring Practice. Retrieved June 18, 2019, from https://www.hkis.org.hk/ufiles/MPracticeCode-199903.pdf
Hagerman, C. (2011). Green Infrastructure. 223-229. Retrieved from http://sk.sagepub.com.easyaccess2.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/reference/greencities/n70.xml
Hammel, D.J. (2009). Gentrification. In International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, p.360-367.
Hill, M. (1968). A Goals-Achievement Matrix for Evaluating Alternative Plans. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 34(1), pp.19-29.
Hong Kong Green Building Council. (2019). What is Green Building. Retrieved from https://www.hkgbc.org.hk/eng/greenbuilding.aspx
Howard, E. (1989) (Reprint). Garden Cities of Tomorrow. Attic Books.
Li, Y., Chen, X., Wang, X., Xu, Y., & Chen, P. H. (2017). A review of studies on green building assessment methods by comparative analysis. Energy and Buildings, 146, 152-159. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778817314858
Manley, W., Foot, K., & Davis, A. (2019). Green Belt. In A Dictionary of Agriculture and Land Management. : Oxford University Press, Retrieved 26 Jun. 2019, from https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199654406.001.0001/acref-9780199654406-e-1049.
Mayhew, S. (2015a). Garden city. In A Dictionary of Geography: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199680856.001.0001/acref-9780199680856-e-1330.
Pipeline. (2018). Gender Equity Vs. Gender Equality: What’s the Distinction? Retrieved from https://www.pipelineequity.com/voices-for-equity/gender-equity-vs-gender-equality/.
Raco, M. (2009). Governance, Urban. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, pp.622-627.
Rodgers, S. (2009). Urban Growth Machine. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, p.40-45.
Scott, J. (2014). Gemeinschaft & Gesellschaft. A Dictionary of Sociology. Retrieved from https://www-oxfordreference-com.easyaccess1.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/view/10.1093/acref/9780199683581.001.0001/acref-9780199683581-e-901?rskey=9ikBa3&result=793